Literature Review Definition Of Marketing Marketing Essay

Writing Review Definition Of Marketing Essay Promoting is overseeing beneficial client connections, the twofold objective of advertising is to draw in new clients by promising better worth and than keep and develop current clients by conveying fulfillment (Armstrong Kotler, 2007 p. 5). Individuals frequently think promoting as selling and publicizing, which is only a little piece of showcasing. The advertiser works superbly when he comprehends predominant client esteem, costs, disperses and advances them viably; the items will sell effectively at that point. This tells selling and publicizing are only a piece of showcasing as an advertising blend; a lot of promoting instruments that cooperate to fulfill client needs and construct client connections. (Armstrong Kotler, 2007 p. 5). Figure: A basic model of the promoting procedure Source: Armstrong G and Kotler P, (2007, p. 6). Promoting: a presentation. eighth ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education. Promoting blend As indicated by Mohammed Rafiq and Pervaiz K. Ahmed (1995), the term promoting blend was first utilized by Borden and that it was proposed to him by Cullitons (1948) portrayal of a business official as blender fixings. Borden didn't characterize the promoting blend; it essentially comprised of significant components of fixings that make up an advertising program (Borden, 1965, p. 389). McCarthy (1964, p. 35) refined this further and characterized the advertising blend as a mix of the entirety of the elements at a promoting directors order to fulfill the objective market. Later McCarthy and Perreault (1987) together characterized the showcasing blend as the controllable factors that an association can co-ordinate to fulfill its objective market, which is generally acknowledged as the arrangement of controllable promoting factors that the firm mixes to deliver the reaction it needs in the objective market (Kotler and Armstrong, 1989, p. 45). As per Jonathan Ivy (2008), advertising blen d is a lot of controllable showcasing instruments that a foundation uses to create the reaction it needs from its different objective markets. Ronald E. Goldsmith (1999) expressed that 4Ps was first defined by McCarthy (1975) as an academic apparatus to portray the central undertakings of advertising supervisors. Promoting supervisors must build up an efficient arrangement to offer to the clients in the wake of choosing an objective market to make long haul connections (Doyle, 1995). The advertising blend plan comprises of 4Ps which comprises of choices about item, spot, advancement and value (Goldsmith, 1999). As indicated by Bennet (1997), the idea of promoting diagrams a course for the association utilizing controllable factors in a situation where numerous elements are wild, characterized as the outer market. Kotler (1967) (refered to by Bennet, 1997) widened this characterization into four specifically, client, natural, serious and promoting choice factors. Focussing on assembling enterprises, Borden (1964) recognizes the four outer powers on the association as buyer purchasing conduct, exchange conduct, contenders position and conduct and government guidelines. Robins (1991) defined four Cs which is a substitute memory aide to the showcasing blend detailed by McCarthy (1964). Four Cs are characterized as Customers who purchases products and enterprises in the commercial center, Competitors who give the decision of elective wellsprings of flexibly, Capabilities and Company them two alludes to the association which has capacity to fulfill client needs. Gronroos (1984) proposes an idea o f intelligent showcasing which was supported by Kotler (1991). This idea accentuates the connection between the worker and the client and recognizes it as the key factor in fruitful market making. Kotler (1991) contends that the representative client relationship is a significant factor in the achievement of the market-production process. Blasts and Bitner (1981) added three extra factors to the advertising blend components proposed by McCarthy (1964) to be specific individuals, forms and physical proof. This idea features that the model proposed by McCarthy (1964) might prompt too limit center around the inner factors, and does exclude a portion of the procedure factors which is a piece of showcasing arranging framework (Bennet, 1997, p. 151). Lings (1999) contends for administrations industry 4Ps are in sufficient and 7Ps advertising blend delineates the significance of interior variables, as retail division isn't a help based industry customary 4Ps promoting blend is utilized to speak to the outer elements (refered to by Khanh Kandampully, 2004). 4Ps makes the showcasing simpler handle for the chiefs in non administration based industry; the parts of conventional advertising blend can change an organizations serious position (Gronroos, 1994). Indeed, even with the lacks, the 4Ps stay a staple of the showcasing blend (Kent and Brown, 2006). As indicated by the American Marketing Association (1985), showcasing is the way toward arranging and executing the origination, evaluating, advancement and dispersion of thoughts, products and enterprises to make trade and fulfill individual and authoritative goals. Kent (1986) states that the four Ps of the showcasing blend as the heavenly fourfold of the promoting confidence written in tablets of stone. As indicated by Armstrong and Kotler (2007) showcasing blend devices are characterized into four general gatherings, called the four Ps of advertising: item, value, spot and advancement. So as to convey on its incentive, the firm should initially make a need-fulfilling market offering (item). It must choose the amount it will charge for the offer (cost) and how it will make the offer accessible to the objective clients (place). It must speak with target clients about the offers and convince them of its benefits (advancement) (Armstrong and Kotler, 2007 p.53) Pastry specialist Hart (2008, p 463) the rationale of 4Ps is straight forward; a provider needs items, needs to value them, to advance them and circulate them to where the client can get them. As per Dogra Ghuman (2008) a portion of the factors related with 4Ps are: Value: value level, credit terms, value changes and limits. Item: highlights, bundling, quality and range. Advancement: publicizing, exposure, deals advancement and individual selling. Spot: stock, dissemination channels and number of middle people. Figure: The four Ps of the promoting blend Source: Armstrong G and Kotler P, (2007, p. 6). Promoting: a presentation. eighth ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education. Item As indicated by Armstrong and Kotler (2007), item can be characterized as the products and enterprises is a mix the organization offers to the objective market. Belohlavek (2008) contends that an item or administration is the component which fulfills the customers needs. The item or administration produces two kinds of associations with the possibility: an utilitarian and a connecting one. The helpfulness of the item bears a relationship with its advantages estimated both equitably and emotionally. The items use esteem is crucial to the buying choice procedure in its end stage (Belohlavek, 2008 p.15). For a serious methodology the organization brings to the table items that are special and address client issues, needs and qualities. Keeping up the item uniqueness is hard for an organization since the item can be coordinated by contenders. The organization should regularly contend on value, conveyance, or advancement; so as to contend except if the item is of sound quality (Rea Kerzner, 1997 p. 57). Item assortment Pine (1993), item assortment is characterized as the quantity of various items offered to the clients (refered to by Felipe Scavarda, Reichhart, Hamacher, Holweg, 2010). As indicated by Bils Klenow (2001) and Er MacCarthy (2006) item assortment is another turn of events and a pattern in numerous industry parts around the world (refered to by Felipe Scavarda, Schaffer, Jose Scavarda, Reis Schleich, 2009). Item assortment is a viable procedure to expand the piece of the pie as it empowers the organization to serve various types of client portions and to fulfill the client assortment looking for conduct (Tang, 2006). This includes diverse item highlights, bundling, or channels of conveyance (Felipe Scavarda, Schaffer, Jose Scavarda, Reis Schleich, 2009). Item assortment procedure as a promoting system will bring about deals development, benefits and satisfying increasingly particular needs (Berry Cooper, 1999). Kim Chhajed (2000) contends that various types of item producing outcomes in a lessening in coordinations execution or assembling execution. Lee Billington (1994) likewise contends that item assortment can bring about higher figure blunders and lead to extreme stock for certain items and deficiencies for different items. On the off chance that the item assortment is to the ideal or to the proper degree of assortment, at that point item assortment will result as conservative productive and will make positive advertising endeavors (Lancaster, 1990). As per Pine (1993) and da Silveira (1998), item assortment empowers the capacity to redo items to client needs and has been recognized in accomplishing upper hand over different retailers (refered to by Felipe Scavarda, Reichhart, Hamacher, Holweg, 2010). As item assortment gives a more extensive product offering and can prompt expanded benefit (Kekre and Srinivasan, 1990). Item assortment offers ascend to the need to think about various results of the individual item variations, as various end things that are essentially extraordinary don't include a similar assortment level for the individual (MacDuffie et al., 1996 Koste and Malhotra, 1999). Cost Belohlavek (2008) states that cost is a molding component for purchasing an item; cost just conditions an item however doesn't decide it, in agreement to the purchasers pay makes a money related estimation of a given assistance or merchandise, which makes them reachable to the products. Cost is a factor which goes about as a hindrance which when reached in operational terms, that is the point at which the last phase of buying activity is reached. Cost is a component which prevent

Research and prepare a report about how the application of Essay

Research and set up a report about how the utilization of gravitational ideas has helped stargazers - Essay Example what's more, even how to ascertain the mass of the sun without venturing out to them yet through utilization of gravitational laws (Topper, 2012).They have found attraction lensing and even decided the mass of cosmic systems. More to this is the revelation of Massive Compact Hallo Objects (MACHOs), basically perceived as earthy colored small stars while some are viewed as dark gaps (Kyle, 2010). These and others are instances of revelations that the space experts have supported by the utilization of the gravitational ideas. Through gravitational ideas, cosmologists have had the option to find the vast microwaves whereby in 2002, a group drove by Dr. Kovac found the polarization of these microwave radiations (Kyle, 2010). Gravitational waves that are delivered because of moving masses like those of stars or dark openings ordinarily portrayed as ‘ripples in space-time’ have been found by the stargazers by the utilization of interferometers which recognizes these slight changes in space-time (Topper, 2012). Understanding the gravitational waves has helped the stargazers in clarifying certain occasions, for example, the introduction of dark openings and the demise of stars. They can along these lines have the option to tell how the universe started just as what's on the horizon for us. This has been helped by use of attractive energy ideas by stargazers (Longair, 1986) Attractive energy lensing is something else that stargazers have found because of understanding the gravitational ideas. This is bowing of the light beams by a mass item reaching out far in the sky, which makes these light beams be centered elsewhere through its gravitational field (Morison, 2008). As per the examination done, the more noteworthy the amount of the body, the sturdier the gravitational field made and consequently the more prominent the twisting of these light beams will be. Lensing has been helpful in checking the presence of dim issue which is the determinant of how groups and cosmic systems frame and create. Stargazers have

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury The Meetings free essay sample

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury-The Meetings Betwe Essay, Research Paper Fahrenheit 451The Meetings betweenMontag and ClarisseThe epic Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is about a cutting edge society that hasbanned books. Firemans that light fires are utilized to fire the books when they are found.One fire fighter, Guy Montag, recollects a clasp before book ignition and endeavors to repay thishorrible urban communities of living deads. An of import bit of the new Fahrenheit 451 is themeetings among Montag and Clarisse. The gatherings among Montag and Clarisse starts a progression of occasions and changesin Montag # 8217 ; s way of thought and way of life. Clarisse remarks # 8221 ; Are you glad? # 8221 ; ( 10 ) .Montag starts to perceive that he is non cheerful after Clarisse asks the request and arrivesin his place. Montag watches # 8221 ; Darkness. He was non glad. He was non glad. Hesaid the words to himself. He perceived this as the genuine area of individual businesss # 8221 ; ( 12 ) . Montag # 8217 ; sawareness is activated at the point in which Claris se states # 8221 ; But you # 8217 ; re simply a grown-up male, afterall # 8221 ; ( 7 ) . We will compose a custom exposition test on Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury The Meetings or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This announcement by Clarisse makes Montag think about a clasp when he was a childduring power disappointment, and he wishes it non to stop. In Montag # 8217 ; s second gathering with Clarisse, both of them discover a blowball andClarisse tells Montag of scouring it under his mentum. Clarisse clarifies # 8221 ; On the off chance that it focuses on, it organizations I # 8217 ; m in affection # 8220 ; ( 22 ) . Clarisse rubs the blowball under Montag # 8217 ; s mentum and Clarisseremarks # 8220 ; What a disgrace, you # 8217 ; re non in affection with anybody # 8221 ; ( 22 ) . Montag feels that he isin love, yet understands that he is non in affection and non at all glad. In the third gathering, Montag starts to encounter that he has known Clarisse forever.Montag areas # 8221 ; You make me experience extremely old and extremely much like a male parent # 8221 ; ( 28 ) . Clarisseremarks # 8221 ; Now you clarify why you shelter # 8217 ; t any young ladies like me, on the off chance that you love childrenso much? # 8221 ; ( 28 ) . Montag understands that it is a long clasp since anybody has minded bounty toask a decent request rather than lounge around and stress over themselves. Montag answers # 8221 ; My wedded lady, she. . . she simply neer needed any children whatsoever # 8221 ; ( 28 ) . At last Montagrealizes that he should do an end eavor to end the mayhem of his general public by passing on booksback to life and destructing the current fire fighters. The gatherings among Montag and Clarisse trigger an awareness and adjustment inMontag # 8217 ; s life. Montag understands that his life and the lives of the various residents are notas incredible as they are animated to be and that he is non cheerful by any means. In the terminal Montagdecides that he should modify the way society is run one time and for all. The entirety of this is a resultof the gatherings among Montag and Clarisse.

Empress Wu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ruler Wu - Essay Example Her thirst and journey for power caused her to do the incomprehensible from killing her own little girl and child. Ruler Wu Zhao was conceived in Wenshui part of the Shanxi Province in 624 A.D. Her dad Wu Shihuo was a rich shipper who taught her girl well. The instruction the Empress got at a youthful age was crucial for her political sagacity and ability (Woo 5). During the hour of her introduction to the world, China was under the standard of the Tang line which agreed ladies more opportunity contrasted with the prior traditions. The Emperor at the time Tai Tzong had energized social mindfulness in which the ladies were permitted to be financially autonomous and were all around illuminated in the fields of reasoning, social morals and culture. The intensity of female sexuality was around then generally perceived in medieval china; the women of the Sui and Early Tang tradition first class were moderately free. They could ride ponies, henpeck their spouses and they assumed responsibility when their men were away for herders or military obligation (Will 128). Because of this, Emperor Wu was suffic iently taught in the controls of music, composing, perusing, and Chinese works of art. When she was thirteen years of age, Empress Wu perceived her womanly magnificence, however she likewise valued her insight and mind. Because of her knowledge, Empress Wu was before long enlisted to the court of Emperor Tai as a mistress and she bent over as a secretary in the Imperial Study. She clearly took her risk to concentrate progressively about authentic records and legislative issues. The rest is history. Sovereign Wu held force for over a century in some pretense, right off the bat she managed as an associate; the supported spouse of Emperor Gaozong, at that point also as the ruler behind the royal position of her most youthful child lastly herself until her demise. She controlled with sheer heartlessness and conclusiveness as she balanced out the Tang tradition when it was by all accounts disintegrating and

Strategic Choice and Evaluation - Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vital Choice and Evaluation - Apple - Essay Example These methodologies are received by the firm to accomplish better execution help the firm to convey a superior than normal execution. Cost administration A business firm after cost initiative system targets beating its rivals by creating at the most minimal expense in the whole business. The maker would now be able to deliver at an enormous scope and at an extremely minimal effort, along these lines, getting a charge out of immense economies of scale. The maker abuses the economies of scale which permits the organization to keep up serious valuing (Richardson and Dennis, 2003). Separation Under separation methodology the organization centers around the items that it offers available to be purchased. It targets making the items extraordinary by distinguishing explicit item measurements, which are seen as generally esteemed by its clients. The organization builds up its showcasing methodologies in such a way, that it is ready to fulfill the interest of its clients to the most wanted le vel and consequently get premium cost because of the uniqueness of these items (Thompson and Martin, 2010). Center Focus procedure is trailed by a firm when chooses one or different sections inside the single in industry in which it works (Dinitzen, 2010). The organization targets streamlining its item and promoting procedures to take into account these portions in the most productive manner, to such an extent that, it may increase upper hand over every single other firm that contends with the specific firm. Center methodology can be applied by the firm by following both of the accompanying methodologies; production of cost advantage inside a focused on portion (cost center) or improvement of a separation system inside a focused on fragment (separation). ... follows the separation technique so as to accomplish upper hand over its rivals in the innovation administration industry. Separation makes its items (or administrations) one of a kind. By following this system, Apple can make its items not the same as the items or administration contributions of its rivals and makes the results of this organization exceptionally engaging its client base. In any case, the way that the organization has gotten one of the best organizations on the planet and that the client inclination for this organization is altogether high contrasted with the remainder of the organizations in this market, is set up by various inward and outside components. Execution of the organization as to these elements has driven it to the present degree of achievement. These elements are condition of the business, client assistance, advertise division and nature of items or administrations offered to the objective market and its worldwide nearness. The company’s imaginati veness makes its items just as innovation administrations sparkle among the horde of present day innovation industry. There are sure negative sides or dangers of following the separation technique. Organizations that seek after separation technique can order a value that is higher than the costs of comparable items offered in the market by different firms. The separation factor permits the firm to order this exceptional cost. It in the long run increments per unit deals for the organization and furthermore improves faithfulness of the purchaser. Separation is the correct methodology to follow just when the objective market portion has clients with explicit requirements, at the same time, are not sufficiently served. Additionally, the separation procedure centers around bringing premium cost for the firm. This suggests the technique would be

Innovation in Vaccine and Drug Development Processes - 550 Words

Innovation in Vaccine and Drug Development Processes (Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Professor:Course:Date:Innovation in Drug DevelopmentImmune evasion by pathogenic microorganisms has immensely paralyzed the vaccine and drug development processes. Moreover, immune evasion by viruses has infringed the general treatment standards that were initially effective towards the resultant ailments. The core factor resulting in immune evasion by microorganisms is the polymorphic nature of the gene coding for the surface protein that produces an antigen that is detected by the humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In this accord, the influenza virus that resumes various distinct identities has posed a great challenge in drug development, because, it changes two of its surface proteins, hence enabling it to evade the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s immune system. In light of this, scientientist have developed a computer program that is capable of targeting the constant region of the viral genome. Hence, this development translated to the designing of a pr otein that eradicates the pathogenicity of the virus. However, the administration of the protein with the capability to eliminate the virulence of the Influenza virus has been tested in mice. In light of this development, this essay seeks to summarize and provide a reflection of David Shultz article, "Computer helps researchers tackle flu strains at once.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ The development of the computer system that can identify the virusesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ constant region is pivotal to the pursuit of antiviral development for other viral strains, regardless of their polymorphic nature. Scientists in PLOS Pathogen have revealed that they have designed a molecule that targets the hemagglutininà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s vulnerable region exclusively. One of the targeted regions is the epitope protein that constitutes the surface protein. In this accord, the designed molecule is capable of detecting the conserved region of the virus across the diverse strain resulting from mutations. The research that has pro ven to be significant to the drug development process commenced with HB36.5, a small protein molecule that binds to Influenzaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s hemagglutinin. Subsequently, using diverse computer algorithms and laboratory assay techniques to test and induce various mutations on the protein HB36.5 to enable it to bind to a wide array of hemagglutinin from different influenza strains (Shultz, 2016).The research translated to a new molecule which had nine mutations, and it is called HB36.6. The molecule was then administered in mice, followed by administration of Influenza Virus. The recombinant mice were then subjected to laboratory analysis. Remarkably, the mice survived the pathogenicity and virulence of the Influenza virus and lost far much less weight as compared to other control experiment done before. However, as the Deborah Fuller, the leader of the study, points out, the success in mice is not directly a reflection of success in humans, but it is a massive breakthrough and a scienti fic realization that could be pivotal to the designing of human antiviruses.In my opinion, the research was an emblem of dedication and progress in the development of antiviruses against pathogenic viruses that are life threatening to human beings....

A Chinese Immigrant Labourer in Vancouver - 550 Words

A Chinese Immigrant Labourer in Vancouver (Essay Sample) Content: A Chinese Immigrant Labourer in VancouverNameInstitutionThe primary objective of this paper is to better comprehend the integration experience of the Chinese immigrant residents in the Vancouver circa and to deduce the views of their residing or moving in the future. Chinese community have comprised the biggest immigrant group in going to Canada since 1925. This research concentrates on the experience of Chinese immigrants from Mainland China and Hong Kong who were highly skilled professionals, and in their country. It shows that these immigrants are being deskilled in the Canada, and this attitude of deskilling is complex by the inconsistent processes of economic restructuring and globalization, with its diverging effects along the axis of race, gender, ethnicity, citizenship and class. Gendered and radicalized institutional procedures in the form of practices, state policies, employers' requirements for the Canadian experience, and labour market situations marginali ze Chinese immigrant and professional accreditation systems (Kotkin, 1993). As an outcome, they are being channelled into part-time, menial, becoming unemployed or insecure positions. In order for the Chinese immigrant to become active and equal participants in the Canadian society, provisions of inclusive policies and programs is important. This longitudinal research examined the effects of discrimination on socio-emotional modifications and the academic performances for Chinese immigrants. Using cross-lagged and an autoregressive technique, results demonstrate that the discrimination in immigrants predicted alienation, depressive symptoms, grades in middle adolescence and school engagement. Further, investigations of whether contemporaneous or earlier experiences of discrimination prejudiced developmental results in immigrants indicated differential consequences, with contemporaneous proficiencies of discrimination affecting the socio-emotional adjustments, whilst earlier discrimi nation effect was more important for academic performances. This immigrant group had an extensive-term time prospect if we imitate on their inspirations to migrate to the Vancouver. They came into Canada to be Canadian citizens, relish the natural ecology and train their children. Hastily, these motivations seem to replicate the traditional objectives of the Canadas past settlers whose purpose was to remain permanently seemingly in the Canada. Nonetheless, there exists one more understanding that is more reliable with the activities of Statistics Canada (2003) that suggests that these inspirations are those of the sojourner immigrant that when experienced with short-term commercial exigencies, might later be desirous to leave Vancouver (Statistics Canada, 2003).This study argues that prosperous integration into the Vancouver of the Chinese immigrants varies with the ability to achieve their initial objectives. An analysis of their experiences indicates marital status, procuring at l east a single degree in the Canada state and having high income entirely increased the likelihood of...

How to Conjugate the Verb Smettere in Italian

Some definitions of â€Å"smettere† include: To stopTo leave offTo ceaseTo give up What to know about smettere: It’s an irregular verb second-conjugation verb, so it does not follow the typical -ere verb ending pattern.It’s a transitive verb, which takes a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"smettere†.The participio passato is â€Å"smesso†.The gerund form is â€Å"smettendo†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo smesso†. Indicativo/Indicative   Il presente io smetto noi smettiamo tu smetti voi smettete lui, lei, Lei smette essi, Loro smettono Ad esempio: Vorrei parlarti sul serio, quindi smettila con gli scherzi. - I want to talk to you seriously, so stop with the jokes. Il passato prossimo io ho smesso noi abbiamo smesso tu hai smesso voi avete smesso lui, lei, Lei ha smesso essi, Loro hanno smesso Ad esempio: L’insegnante ci ha sgridato, perà ² non abbiamo smesso di parlare. - The teacher yelled at us, but we didn’t stop talking. L’imperfetto io smettevo noi smettevamo tu smettevi voi smettevate lui, lei, Lei smetteva essi, Loro smettevano Ad esempio: La bambina non smetteva di piangere. Voleva andare al parcogiochi. - The little girl kept on crying. She wanted to go to the playground. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo smesso noi avevamo smesso tu avevi smesso voi avevate smesso lui, lei, Lei aveva smesso essi, Loro avevano smesso Ad esempio: Mi ha detto che aveva smesso di parlarle. - You told me that you had stopped talking to her. Il passato remoto io smisi noi smettemmo tu smettesti voi smetteste lui, lei, Lei smise essi, Loro smisero Ad esempio: In quel periodo smisi di andare a scuola. - In that period, I quit going to school. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi smesso noi avemmo smesso tu avesti smesso voi aveste smesso lui, lei, Lei ebbe smesso essi, Loro ebbero smesso TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io smetter noi smetteremo tu smetterai voi smetterette lui, lei, Lei smetter essi, Loro smetteranno Ad esempio: Promettimi che smetterai di essere duro con te stesso. - Promise me that you’ll stop being hard on yourself. Il futuro anteriore io avr smesso noi avremo smesso tu avrai smesso voi avrete smesso lui, lei, Lei avr smesso essi, Loro avranno smesso Ad esempio: Avrà   smesso di lavorare, spero che ne trovi un altro prestissimo. - She must have stopped going to work, I hope she finds another one really soon. Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io smetta che noi smettiamo che tu smetta che voi smettiate che lui, lei, Lei smetta che essi, Loro smettano Ad esempio: È tempo che tu smetta di fumare. - It’s time you quit smoking. Il passato io abbia smesso noi abbiamo smesso tu abbia smesso voi abbiate smesso lui, lei, Lei abbia smesso essi, Loro abbiano smesso Ad esempio: Penso che lei abbia smesso di scrivere, perchà © non guadagnava abbastanza soldi. - I think she quit writing because she wasn’t earning enough money. L’imperfetto io smettessi noi smettessimo tu smettessi voi smetteste lui, lei, Lei smettesse essi, Loro smettessero Ad esempio: Volevo che tu smettessi di giocare ai videogiochi e parlassi con me. - I wanted you to stop playing video games and talk to me. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi smesso noi avessimo smesso tu avessi smesso voi aveste smesso lui, lei, Lei avesse smesso essi, Loro avessero smesso Ad esempio: Credevo che avessero smesso, ma il giorno dopo hanno riavviato la loro ditta da zero. - I thought they had given up, but the next day, they restarted their business from the bottom up. Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io smetterei noi smetteremmo tu smetteresti voi smettereste lui, lei, Lei smetterebbe essi, Loro smetterebbero Ad esempio: Smetterei di imparare parole inutili ed invece mi concentrerei sulle frasi importanti. - I would stop learning useless words and I would concentrate instead on important phrases. Il passato io avrei smesso noi avremmo smesso tu avresti smesso voi avreste smesso lui, lei, Lei avrebbe smesso essi, Loro avrebbero smesso Ad esempio: Ci ha detto che avrebbe smesso di vagabondare se un’azienda le avesse offerto un posto di lavoro. - She told us that she would stop wandering if a company would offer her a job.

Overview of Amphicoelias

Amphicoelias is a case study in the confusion and competitiveness of paleontologists in the late 19th century. The first named species of this sauropod dinosaur is easy to address; judging by its scattered fossil remains, Amphicoelias altus was an 80-foot-long, 50-ton plant eater very similar in build and behavior to the more famous Diplodocus (in fact, some experts believe Amphicoelias altus really was a species of Diplodocus; since the name Amphicoelias was coined first, this may one day occasion a historic renaming of this dinosaur similar to the day when Brontosaurus officially became Apatosaurus). Name: Amphicoelias (Greek for double hollow); pronounced AM-fih-SEAL-ee-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 200 feet long and 125 tons, but more likely 80 feet long and 50 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Enormous size; quadrupedal posture; long neck and tail The confusion and competitiveness pertain to the second named species of Amphicoelias, Amphicoelias fragilis. This dinosaur is represented in the fossil record by a single vertebra measuring five by nine feet long, truly enormous proportions that correspond to a sauropod measuring about 200 feet from head to tail and weighing over 125 tons. Or rather, one should say that Amphicoelias fragilis WAS represented in the fossil record since this gigantic bone subsequently disappeared off the face of the earth while under the care of the famous paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope. (At the time, Cope was embroiled in the notorious Bone Wars with his arch-rival Othniel C. Marsh, and may not have been paying attention to detail.) So was Amphicoelias fragilis the biggest dinosaur that ever lived, heftier even than the current record-holder, Argentinosaurus? Not everyone is convinced, especially since we no longer have that all-important backbone to examine--and the possibility remains that Cope slightly (or greatly) exaggerated his discovery, or perhaps made a typographical error in his papers under the pressure of constant, long-distance scrutiny by Marsh and others in his antagonistic camp. Like another supposedly enormous sauropod, Bruhathkayosaurus, A. fragilis is only provisionally the world-champion dinosaur heavyweight, pending the discovery of more convincing fossil evidence.

Attitude Towards Sex Education Among Adoloscents in Delhi

Attitude Towards Sex Education Amongst Adolescents in Delhi Ajanta Anindita (P09066) Eresh Sabharwal (P09080) Rahul Agrawal (P09102) Personnel Management Industrial Relations, XLRI School of Business and Human Resources Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India Abstract Purpose - The purpose of the study is two-fold. First, it tries to investigate the effect of attitude adolescents posses towards sex and sex education on their level of sex awareness. Also, it tries to establish whether gender is a moderator of the relationship between adolescents‟ attitude and sex awareness. Design/Methodology/Approach - A questionnaire was given to the students of schools and colleges in Delhi asking their attitudes towards sex, attitude towards sex education and†¦show more content†¦Research Background and Hypothesis Attitude towards sex education Sex Education is an instrument which schools in many countries have included as a means to impart knowledge among the students about sex and its related impact on health. In India, sex education is a means still to show its dominance in schools. Adolescents today require basic knowledge about reproductive biology so as to develop better understanding about their own body and health. Sex education in schools becomes all the more important because this information needs to come through the correct medium. Adolescents receive information about this from almost everywhere, especially mediums which do not give them correct and complete information. Ignorance in such matters is exacerbated through low school attendance, attitudes that prohibit discussion about sexual matters and lack of sex education (Bott Jejeebhoy 2003; McCauley Salter 1995). There have been studies in the past which demonstrate lack of knowledge among adolescent regarding reproductive bi ology (Gupta 1988). There are potential difficulties in incorporating sex education in the education policies of a state. According to authors like Beattie and Meredith (1989), sex education is a potential are of political discredit. . Oz (1991), Kirby et al. (1979) and Sonenstein and

Illegal Immigration Become A National Security Issue Since...

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 the border has become less open and more secured from what it used to be prior to the terrorist attacks (CBP, 2009, p. 5). The main reason is due to illegal immigration becoming a national security issue since illegal immigration can create opportunities for terrorists to commit terrorist attacks in the homeland by importing weapons and terrorist personal to the United States via smuggling routes that illegal immigrants use when they cross the border (CBP, 2009, p. 6). However, if suddenly the border was to be made less open and more secure from what it already is, it would have both benefits and consequences within the United States. One of the benefits of making the border less open is that it would decrease the chances for contagious diseases and pests to arrive into the United States, this will be an enormous benefit because once a new contagious disease or pest enters the homeland they become very expensive and difficult to contr ol and unfortunately in some cases these diseases take the life of many Americans each year (CBP, 2009, p. 8). Another benefit of having a less open and more secure border is that it would improve the health of the American population because it would reduce the enormous amount of drugs that are imported into the United States daily, therefore this will result in less consumers and in a healthier nation (CBP, 2009, p. 10). 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Project Management Life Cycle-.com

Question: How the waterfall model and agile model relate with Project Life Cycle? Answer: There are many models or approaches of conducting the project management, are known as project management methodologies. Among many available models, two models are very famous Waterfall and Agile. The approach of doing project management of these two models is very much different in nature, but the similarity between them is both the approaches use the same technique of duration and cost estimation and ultimately the goal of using the principles of Agile model and the processes of waterfall model is the same that is to complete the project at the shortest period with less risks of cost or schedule overrun(Aston, 2017). Project life cycle has mainly four stages viz. Initiation, Plan, Execute Monitoring and Close. There are diverse activities inside the stages like making business cases, prepare charter of project for the authorization of project manager; game plan of project gather goes under the Initiation stage. By then the status of various plans falls under the period of "Plan" and so on in Figure: Project Management Life Cycle Source: (Mpmm, 2017) different stages(Mpmm, 2017). Also, every one of the stages are inter associated with each other, even they in like manner cover and the activities or work packages inside each stages are moreover truly sequenced to convey a particularly described expand design. The Waterfall and Agile systems can be more than likely be used to develop these project life cycle. Bibliography Aston, B. (2017, March 2). 9 Project Management Methodologies Made Simple: The Complete Guide For Project Managers. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from thedigitalprojectmanager.com: https://www.thedigitalprojectmanager.com/project-management-methodologies-made-simple/ Mpmm. (2017). Project Management Life Cycle. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from mpmm.com: https://www.mpmm.com/project-management-methodology.php

Memento by Christopher Nola Essay Example For Students

Memento by Christopher Nola Essay In the film Memento by Christopher Nolan, reverse chronology causes the audience to view Leonard Shelby as a sympathetic victim. Viewers start to watch the film when the story has reached its end. This confusing plot puts the audience in Shelbys position. They see things from his point of view. Another thing that causes Leonard to seem like the victim is his condition, which does not let him make new memories. This makes him appear to be vulnerable. Finally, the other mysterious characters such as Natalie and Teddy make Shelby seem like the innocent victim. According to what Leonard wrote in the back of his picture, Teddy cant be trusted. This makes the audience suspicious of him throughout the entire movie. While watching this movie, one must pay close attention. The audience is just as confused and uneasy about what is going on as Shelby is. It is as though viewers also have the condition that Shelby has because of the reverse chronological order this movie follows. The audience, too, must have that same jolt of fear from scene to scene, the recognition that they have no clue where they are or how they got here. Viewers feel sympathy because they start to see things from Leonards perspective. They feel they need to help him find his wifes killer and take each and every one of his little facts into consideration to try and figure out the answer. The audience also sympathizes with Leonard because of his condition. He suffers from a rare form of amnesia, which renders him incapable of retaining memories on a short-term basis. Any bit of information he learns since his injury must be recorded or will be quickly forgotten. As a result, he must use an elaborate system of notes, photographs and even tattoos to keep everything straight. This makes his investigation so much more difficult. One generates sympathy for a man who wants to avenge his wifes death even if he knows he wont remember that he did it. This makes it impossible to absolutely trust anyone. He feels he can only trust himself. The sympathy grows for Leonard as viewers see how vulnerable he is to manipulation. Leonards vulnerability to Teddys greedy manipulations and Natalies terrifying dishonesty further enhances the audiences sympathy for him. The petty criminals who befriend Lenny for their own distasteful purposes make the audience feel sorry for him. The two mysterious, but seemingly helpful people who may or may not be as friendly and helpful to Shelby as they appear, are Teddy and Natalie. These two make Lenny seem like the victim since they take advantage of him. For example, Teddy takes advantage of his condition when he goes along with trying to find John G. He uses this to make Leonard kill Jimmy Grants in order to get the money form a drug deal. Natalie also takes advantage of his condition. She makes Lenny hit her and then makes it seem as though it was Dodd who hit her. She does that because she knows that Dodd will chase after Leonard, getting him off her back. The backward story telling and the constant mystery of who is friend or foe make the audience feel compassionate towards Leonard Shelby. As the film unfolds, it becomes clear that Leonard is actively re-writing his past so that it will conform to his preference for seeing himself as a victim, innocent and virtuous. Since viewers put themselves in Shelbys position and see things through his point of view, they feel sympathy for him. The determination to find his wifes killer makes the audience suspect nothing of him. Another thing that makes him look like the victim is his short-term memory. .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .postImageUrl , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:hover , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:visited , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:active { border:0!important; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:active , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Emotions and feelings in Star Wars EssayThis makes him vulnerable and easy to take advantage of. The other characters that manipulate Shelby in this movie make the audience feel sympathy towards him. Every scene casts a different light on Teddy; he is never trusted, but one is never exactly sure why. It may have something to do with the fact that the photo Leonard has of Teddy has the phrase Dont trust his lies written on the back. Also, why is Natalie so willing to help him? Her Polaroid says she will help him out of pity but she also takes advantage of him. Its hard to trust anyone in this movie.

Ulysses Essays - Odyssey, Ulysses, Telemachus, Odysseus,

Ulysses An Idle King In "Ulysses," Tennyson presents Ulysses, the great Greek war hero and warrior of the Trojan War, serving, again, as king of Ithaca. Ulysses, having been home for three years, feels himself stagnating and wasting his life in the unwanted role of king. Longs to be again the man he has been. Ulysses desires a life of independence, physical adventure, and intellectual pursuit. Ulysses desires a life of independence. The island is dependent on him and the civilization "hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me." Ulysses yearns to escape to be on his own yet; the people rely on his kingship although they carry out life without giving much thought for Ulysses. He sees the "savage race" not aware of what his heart desires nor of adventure and/or intellectual life. After three years of being king, Ulysses feel old and his idleness leaves him with his name and reputation. Discerns that his subjects do not comprehend his personality, and believes that his talents are disappearing while staying at Ithaca. Ulysses says, "How dull it is to pause, to make an end" to a journey that has adventure, courageous events, and glory. He does not want to stop and live life as king, but to sail himself into independence. Telemachus, son of Ulysses, is more fitted to govern than his father does because Telemachus strives to take over "the scepter and the isle." Secondly, Telemachus has the deposition that will allow him "... by slow prudence to make/A rugged people," and bring them to a state that "is useful and ... good." Ulysses sees his son able to amend the citizens up to a new level. In seeking independence, Ulysses chooses to give his throne to his son so he can rejuvenate his soul, and which allows himself to find greatness again. Ulysses desires a life of physical adventure. He comes to realize that "For some three suns" he has "store[d], and hoard[ed]" himself as though to "rest from travel." Remembers living abroad for twenty years as he "[roamed] with a hungry heart" seeking and feeling adventure. Destiny allows Ulysses to see much different "cities of men" where they have certain "manners, climates, councils, [and] governments," which greet him with respect and honor. Ulysses also remembers of the times he has "enjoyed/Greatly, ... suffered greatly, both with those that loved me and alone." The "delight of battle.../Far on the ringing planes of windy Troy" pleases Ulysses and calms his soul which seeks for more adventure. The king knows that breathing is not living and wishes to fulfill life with many adventures and experiences. What little life remains for Ulysses, he knows that "life plied on life," one life after another, is not enough for all of the delightful wars. In addition, he apprehends that his sailors are old, like himself, but that "Old age hath yet his honor and his toil." Ulysses desires a great amount of adventure by sailing with his hair in the wind again. This, he thinks, will save him from being "a gray spirit yearning in desire," and will restore him to, like before, an active life. Ulysses desires a life of intellectual pursuit. He finds satisfaction in physical adventure and in a continuos intellectual venture to fill his avid thirst for life. Ulysses continually seeks for knowledge, "Beyond the utmost bound of human thought." Considers himself "...a part of all that ... [he has] met," from the previous travels, yet he wishes "to seek a newer world." How he will find the new destination is by "sail[ing] beyond the sunset, and the baths of all the western stars, until [he dies]." Ulysses will continue his quest for intellectual pursuit traveling westward toward the unexplored land that might lie in the Atlantic Ocean and keep seeking knowledge until death overtakes him. In his monologue, Ulysses states, "... every hour ... saved from that eternal silence [death]," is "A bringer of new things." Ulysses will undertake to reach the horizon, which is always from its pursuer, seeking new knowledge. Not only his thirst for insight will never be satisfied, but he plans, even if he has not, "that strength which in old days/Moved earth and heaven," will be capable to strive, to seek, to find...." The quest for wisdom makes Ulysses wants to leave his kingdom and feel the same again as years before. Ulysses, who desires to be independent, finds that the life he returns to be not what after twenty years he has been searching. He feels that he needs to be adventurous,

English Language Analysis Essay Sample

English Language Analysis Essay SampleAn English language analysis essay sample is a great way to learn the techniques of an essay format. You can use this essay to help improve your writing and to increase your confidence with a number of English language skills. Writing an essay will require you to express your thoughts using proper sentence structure, grammar, tone, as well as punctuation. This article will show you how to write an English language analysis essay sample.First, you need to decide what you are going to write about. If you have something interesting to say, this may be a good topic for your essay. If you have some hard facts to convey, this can also be a good topic for your essay. Your focus must be in getting information out about the subject so that the reader understands what you are trying to convey in your essay.Next, you need to think about the structure of your essay. A good way to make sure that you write an essay correctly is to plan out your essay before yo u begin writing. This will make it much easier to write the essay and to check that your grammar and sentence structure are correct. It will also make it easier to determine the effectiveness of your essay in any writing competitions you may have in mind.The next thing you need to do is to start writing your essay using an English language analysis essay sample. You should use the structure of your essay when writing your essay. You may want to check with the help of a dictionary to see if you can translate the content of your essay into English. This will make it easier to know what words or phrases you need to include in your essay. Additionally, it will make it easier to make your essay more appropriate for any writing competitions that you might be thinking about participating in.Now you will need to figure out how to write the correct sentence structure and word usage. This is actually easier than it seems. The easiest way to do this is to sit down and write a few sentences usi ng sentences form a standard English essay sample.Reading it aloud to yourself is also a great way to get a better understanding of the structure of the sentences. You will probably find that a lot of the sentences and word choices do not make sense and it is a good idea to analyze this before you get started on your essay. Doing this will help you focus your essay and ensure that you do not fall into some mistakes you have not made yet.Using an English language analysis essay sample as a guide will help you focus on your sentence structure and word usage. If you keep this in mind, you will also be able to decide which parts of your essay will be more beneficial to include in your essay.

Magnolia Therapeutic Case Study Essays - Abnormal Psychology

Magnolia Therapeutic Case Study Essays - Abnormal Psychology Magnolia Therapeutic Case Study Magnolia Therapeutic Case Study Magnolia Therapeutic Solutions, a well-known nonprofit organization in New York City, provides psychotherapy for clients who have been through a traumatic experience and are diagnosed with Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder (PTSD). Because of the high demand for the services, and the generous amounts of grant money the organization grew quickly. When the tragedy of 911 happened the city of New York requested Magnolia to deliver services to the victims of the tragedy and in return a large one-year grant was provided to the organization. While preparing the budget for 2002 the founder of the organization, Mary Stewart, believed the grant received from the city of New York in 2001 would be renewed. Mary also expected the development department to raise more grant money than previous years. In the end the organization was $500,000 short in the 2002 budget resulting in the necessary layoff of one-third of the staff. The organization ultimately became stagnant over the few years following th e shortfall and layoff of the staff. My Decision versus the Boards Decision The board of directors for the organization decided to approve the budget. The decision was based on the financials and budget from 2001. I would have decided to do the complete opposite. I would have come to the decision to reject the budget Mary was anticipating money she was not promised or even sure would materialize. Mary just took for granted that the city of New York was going to renew the 2001 grant, and this did not happen. It would have been more feasible for Mary to create a budget not to include the grant money from the city that was given in 2001 because the money had not already been granted. Causes of the Problem One cause of the problem is that Mary created the budget to include the money that was granted to the organization from the city in 2001. However, that money was granted for one year so Magnolia could meet capacity issues that resulted in increased demand for services after the 911 terrorist attacks in NYC. Because it was granted for only one year it should not have been automatically assumed that the city would renew it. Another problem is the growing demand for psychotherapy for individuals with PTSD. The population diagnosed with PTSD is growing and the treatment for this particular diagnosis can be lengthy. The 911 terrorist attacks left many people depressed, sad, and in shock. These are symptoms of PTSD and issues hard to deal with. Unfortunately, this is not a problem that can be handled differently. It is not a problem that could have been predicted nor can it be predicted if it will ever happen again. Differences between a Nonprofit and a For-Profit Organization?s Inability to Thrive Nonprofit and for-profit organizations acquire revenue differently in that nonprofit organizations rely on grants and donations. For-profit organizations rely on income generated for services rendered therefore they tend to charge steeper prices for services. Nonprofit organizations accrue expenses with the understanding that the revenue made from grants and donations is the only funding available to settle the expenses. For-profit organizations accrue expenses knowing the revenue generated from service income is the funding available to settle expenses and if higher expenses are generated, prices for services can be increased to generate more income. Often times, however, increasing the prices causes clients to venture elsewhere for services causing and inability for the for-profit to thrive. Magnolia?s Deficit in Terms of Risk Management ?Risk management is concerned with protecting the financial, human, and other resources of a human service agency and providing products and services in a responsible fashion? (Martin, 2001, p. 187). In creating a budget for 2002 using the expectation that NYC was going to renew the grant given in 2001 showed Magnolia with a deficit in protecting the financial resources as well as the human resources. The shortfall the organization suffered because of the grant from the city not being renewed, ?Mary was forced to lay off one third of the staff? (University of Phoenix, para. 5). If the budget had been created realistically without the expectation of the grant they could have prepared for the monetary difference and adjusted accordingly preparing for

Creating Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Creating Art - Essay Example The majority of two-dimensional art is carried out on paper. The supplement of novel technology has made photography additionally available to early infantile programs. Many probabilities for two-dimensional art exist, for instance, rubbing, collage, stenciling, cutting, printing, pasting, along with torn paper painting. Finger paint is a supplementary medium, which is intriguing to young kids. In the present day, it is conceivable to construct art using the software presently available for computers. Many instruments exist for utilization by young kids that encourages their artwork creation. The more appropriate ones include digital cameras, overhead projectors, internet, MS Word programs, and special notes. Three-dimensional art is known as art to creations, which have substance. This means that they stand upright as an alternative to lying down flat on surfaces. Clay referred to as â€Å"real artist† consists of earth and is regularly bought within art storehouses or even from a supply house. Wood scarps, along with pieces of plywood have the aptitude to be utilized to create projects that are three-dimensional. Plastic or even Styrofoam cups offer an additional creation material (Isbell & Raines, 2013). Storing work that is in progress is important and educators must find a place within the classroom where kids are able to store their half-finished work. Various art is created by a kid at the same time as he or she is working on a particular item in an individual manner (Isbell & Raines, 2013). As young kids turn out to be additionally skilled with art, the components, as well as materials, they are able to start working on projects as groups so that they can get opportunities, work collaboratively, study from others, and cooperate with each other on ideas. The art center or studio is a particular area within the classroom that is meant to serve as the center for creations that are

Wind Load Effects on Skyscrapers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Wind Load Effects on Skyscrapers - Essay Example These devices are utilised in high-rise buildings reaching above 50 storeys. The TMDs enhance strength of the building while increasing comfort of residents. The Taipei 101 structure remains the building with the largest TMD weighing over six tons. This massive structure was constructed using advanced technology providing a significant breakthrough for the engineering industry. The massive structure has contributed towards the capacity for the building to withstand numerous typhoons, common in Asia. In many modern cities around the world, skyscrapers have continued to dominate the skylines. The construction of these structures continues to define the element of modernisation and evolvement of modern city designs. These magnificent structures decorating the skylines of major cities require a considerable amount of planning before commencing construction. The planning for construction of skyscrapers begins with consideration of various elements among them cost, economic efficiency and strength of the structure(Chew, 2001). The element of strength remains most important as it relates to safety of the tenants and other occupants of the building. The strength of a skyscraper remains the determinant element for the successful construction of these high rise structures. These structures remain highly susceptible to natural calamities like earth quakes and hurricanes, among others. During the planning phase for the construction of these high rise structures, those designing components seek to ensure the structure becomes sufficiently resistant to any forces that might arise. The consideration of these wind forces makes the designing phase most important. The forces exerted by winds on the structures remain fundamental for designing of high-rise structures. WIND AND TUNED MASS DAMPER Wind remains a complex phenomenon because of the variations in wind speeds resulting from interaction with the structures surrounding the wind. Wind comprises of numerous particles moving in different directions. The speed and direction of wind contributes immensely towards the effects produced by the wind(Holmes, 2007). During construction of tall structures, engineers and architects must consider the expected wind effects upon the intended structure. While normal wind force could be resisted by many structures, extreme cases like tornadoes, hurricanes present great challenges as they create massive forces, capable of collapsing entire buildings. The resulting effects of wind damage can cause massive destruction as have been recorded. Hurricanes, for example, are some of the most feared winds across the globe. Some hurricanes have enough strength to even uproot trees and destroy even the shortest of structures. During these extreme wind cases, like winds measuring 10 or higher on the Beaufort scale, the wind load affecting tall buildings is normally higher

Caravaggio’s Religious Imagery Essay Example for Free

Caravaggio’s Religious Imagery Essay The topic to be examined involves the iconological study of selected religious works by Italian artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. The term iconological refers to the study of visual imagery and its symbolism and interpretation, especially in social or political terms. The primary purpose of this research paper is to study the symbolism of Caravaggio’s paintings and their impact on society in a historical sense through present day. A secondary purpose is to determine the extent to which, if any, that his art has influenced politics and religion dating back to the late sixteenth century. There are three facets of the research problem: (1) the impact of the new Baroque style of painting that Caravaggio defined; (2) the influence that his religious works had on the church, politics, and society; and (3) the iconological study of Caravaggio. The study is significant for two reasons. First, since art and culture have major influence on society and history, it is important to recognize Caravaggio for his role in averting the threat of Protestantism by replacing the ruling Mannerism period of European painting with his radical naturalistic approach to chiaroscuro. The term chiaroscuro refers to a painting technique that involves an intricate use of shadow and light. Second, the study will address the implications for art and religion in society in relation to the issue of barriers and obstacles that have been faced and whether they have been truly overcome. Hypotheses Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio profoundly changed the art world, bringing about definitiveness to Baroque and eliminating Mannerism. Caravaggio’s authentic religious works that filled the Counter-Reformation Church helped to form specific religions based on imagery. The symbolism and interpretation of Caravaggio’s religious pieces was that they were radically natural, combining theatre and drama with close physical observations. In proving the above hypotheses to be true through utilization of the following methodology, the impact of Caravaggio on religion and society will be obvious. It is also necessary to take other scholars who have come before him into consideration in order to detail exactly what impact his works have made. Although he was somewhat ignored after a short period of fame in the seventeenth century, until the twentieth century, he is to be formally credited with the evolution of art from Mannerism to the new Baroque. There has been an overall positive impact on art and religion because of his development. Methodology The research will use a non-experimental design. The data collection method will be a combination of observation, interviews, and the use of preexisting records. After an initial period in Australia, becoming familiar with relevant secondary material on the subject I will go to Italy to analyze paintings first hand. The three religious works by Caravaggio that have been selected for personal observation in situ are as follows: n Deposition of Christ in the Sepulchre, 1602-1603, Oil on Canvas, 300 x 203cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican City n The Calling of Saint Matthew, 1599-1600, Oil on Canvas, 322 x 340cm, Contareli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome n Crucifixion of Saint Peter, 1600, Oil on Canvas, 230 x 175cm, Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome Literature Review In researching the identified topic, many of the traditional sources, articles and books, on Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and his works were that of negativity giving him little or no credit for the profound impact he has had on art history. The intention of this research paper is to disclose the truth through interpretation while counter-arguing past research on the subject that is seemingly incorrectly represented. Primary Sources Alpers, Svetlana. ‘Describe or Narrate? A Problem in Realistic Representation. ’ New Literary History, Vol 8:1, Readers and Spectators: Some Views and Reviews (Autumn 1976), pp. 15-41 This article, taken from the New Literary History journal, volume 8, discusses Caravaggio as a great artist but describes his art as offensive and vulgar rather than profound and evolutionary. In order to validly make my claim, it is necessary to show arguments against my stated hypotheses and counter them effectively, which is why this article will be of significant use to me in compiling my extracted information. Chorpenning, Joseph F. ‘Another Look at Caravaggio and Religion. ’ Artibus et Historiae, Vol 8:16 (1987), pp. 149-158 I believe this journal article can provide the basis for my project. It is very similar to the intentions of my research paper and will help to make my finished piece a worthwhile, significant, and original investigation for the truth. Friedlaender, Walter F. Caravaggio Studies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955 Walter Friedlaender, the author of Caravaggio Studies, is one of the first to write about the obscure Italian artist. Although sections of the biography appear to be speculative, there is a great deal of information that is unavailable elsewhere in this book.

The Portrayal of Family in Charles Dickens David Copperfield Essay

The Portrayal of Family in Charles Dickens' David Copperfield DECLARATION OF INTEGRITY. I declare that this study is my own and does not contain any unacknowledged work from any source. CONTEXT INTRODUCTION. 4 1. COPPERFIELDS (SENIOUR): Dicken’s pattern of 6 happy marriage. 2. DAVID&DORA’S MARRIAGE: the reasons of spiritual 8 separation in the family. 3. DAVID&AGNES’S MARRIAGE: Dicken’s ideal of 12 marriage 4. MR.MURDSTONE&CLARA: opposite to Dicken’s ideal 14 Of happy marriage. 5. MICAWBERS: the main components of 16 happy marriage. 6. MR.BARKIS&PEGGOTTY: the importance of women's wisdom 20 CONCLUSION 22 BIBLIOGRATHY 23 INTRODUCTION David Copperfield became my favorite of all Dickens' novels. Although the novel is rather long ( 736 pages) I have read it in one gulp for the actions that take place in the novel are developed so dynamically that the process of reading itself was like taking a piece of sweet cake. It evoked in me a lot of emotions and I really have been crying and laughing together with the heroes of this novel. The affect of the book on me was so great that I that was even thinking of it days and nights. That is the reason why I have chosen this book for my term paper in order to develop the theme â€Å"Family in Charles Dickens' novel ‘David Copperfield’ †. Charles Dickens is one of the most popular and ingenious writers of the XIX century. He is the author of many novels. Due to reach personal experience Dickens managed to create vivid images of all kinds of people: kind and cruel ones, of the oppressed and the oppressors. Deep, wise psychoanalysis, irony, perhaps some of the sentimentalism place the reader not only in the position of spectator but also of the participant of situations that happen to Dickens’ heroes. Dickens makes the reader to think, to laugh and to cry together with his heroes throughout his books. â€Å"David Copperfield† was Dickens' favorite creation. The novel reflects writer’s own life – his autobiography. The image and character of David Copperfield corresponds to the image and character of Dickens himself. The range of personages of the novel recalls to us people which were close to Dickens: Micowber is comical portrait of John Dickens, the father of the author; the image of Dora – is the exact copy of the Marry Bindel – the first sweet-heart of the writer; David’s seeking in marri... ... the novel, â€Å"Of all my books I like this the best†. Likewise legion readers have come to agree with the author’s own conclusion. In my paper I tried to trace Dicken's messages and lessons he teaches the reader on the family issue. By masterly usage of the language the author manages to portray good and bad images in order for us to be able to chose which way to follow and which one to avoid. The principles and components of happy marriage that the author is trying to share with us are simple but at the same time ingenious. I firmly believe that this book is highly useful for young people and should be included in the list of books compulsory for reading in the University. BIBLIOGRATHY *1. Dickens Charles.†David Copperfield†, Wordsworth Edition Ltd., Denmark, 1992, 737 pages. WORKS CONSULTED: *1. Lawrence Crabb. â€Å"Marriage Builder†, Druckhaus Gummersbach,Germany, 1991, 160 pages *2. http://library.utoronto.ca/www/dickens/crit/il.html *3. http://www.glug.com/homework/copperfield.html *4. http://www.nagoya.-u.ac.jp.dickens.html *5. http://www.mitsuka.dickens.crit.html *6 Jammy Broke "Notes on 'David Copperfield'", Cambridge University Press, 1991, 50 pages.

Liberalism remains hugely influential in British Politics Essay

Liberalism remains hugely influential in British Politics, moulding the value systems and policies of all the mainstream political parties.’ Discuss. The prime focus of Liberalism is freedom and liberty; the type of liberty they strive for depends, however, on which of the two types of Liberalism is being referred to. Firstly; classical Liberalism, believing in negative freedom and progressive Liberalism leaning more towards positive freedom. I would argue that Liberalism does still have an influence in British politics; however I would not go as far as to say that it is ‘hugely’ influential. Firstly, I would outline that the Labour Party is possibly the least liberal in their political approach. Their manifesto does not set out many liberal policies due to their economical stance. The fact that Labour is traditionally a moderately socialist party, concentrating on equality within society and for this reason, they would steer away from the free-market and limited government intervention approaches that liberals may take to politics. The limited government that Classical liberals see as ideal would not appeal to the Labour party as they strive for the equality of their citizens and would feel that they need to impose policies, such as their policy on housing set out in their 2010 manifesto ‘No stamp duty for first-time buyers on all house purchases below  £250,000 for two years, paid for by a five per cent rate on homes worth more than  £1 million.’ This policy shows a socialist side to New Labour, highlighting a ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his need’ ideology within Labour politics. However, progressive liberalism may be seen to have had more of an influence on Labour Party politics. The fact that the Labour party believes in imposing policies of equality on society implies that they value positive freedom. Policies put forward such as the Equality Bill; which has been justified as a consolidation measure bringing different strands of anti-discrimination law together while implementing EU directives; highlight the controlled aspect of the Labour party’s equality regime. It could be argued that in the past, aspects of Liberalism, although neither truly Classical or Progressive, such as Neo-Liberalism have had a significant influence on British politics as well as the policies and value systems of the Conservative party in particular. During Thatcher’s time in office, she highlighted an ideal of a pragmatic means to progress. The Thatcherite Conservative party saw Neo-Liberalism as an obvious way to adapt to the constantly changing nature of modern political thought. Tony Blair’s New Labour could also be seen as a Neo-Liberal third way government, on both a social and economic scale. The current Conservative party however, seem to be significantly less affected by Liberalism. Arguably, the free-market ideals that Cameron appears to hold are seen as Neo-Liberal; however, it is apparent that in the current coalition government that Britain is currently led by, this free-market and Neo-Liberal philosophy has been limited to the catch-all demands of mainstream politics. This is apparent in Conservative economic policies such as that put forward in their 2010 pre-general election manifest: ‘A five per cent pay cut for Ministers followed by a five-year freeze, and a 10 per cent reduction in the number of MPs.’ This policy in itself shows how Cameron’s Conservative party are trying to appeal to the masses in controlling the pay of ministers. This does not necessarily denote a free-market approach to the economy and does not play into the meritocratic values that have been seen in the Conservative party in the past. It could also be argued however, that more prominent economic policies put forward in the Conservative manifesto pre-2010 have shown that Cameron’s Conservatives are moving toward the Neo-Liberal, Thatcherite ideology that the Conservative party once had. Although this may not have been the case when Cameron first became the leader of the Conservative party in 2005, aspects of his party’s general election manifesto in 2010, such as: ‘Reduce welfare dependency’ and ‘Stopping tax credits to families with incomes over  £50,000’ have proven to have shown the party’s shift back towards Thatcherite economic politics. These policies show a move back towards meritocratic society and a distinct step away from the ‘something for nothing’ culture that has emerged in modern Britain. Finally, the Liberal Democrats; both by name and by nature; are arguably more influenced by Liberalism than any other mainstream political party. Progressive Liberalism can be seen clearly in certain aspects of their recent policies, on education for example: ‘Cutting class sizes to ensure children get the individual attention they need.’ This is a fine example of how the Liberal Democrats would like to impose positive liberty and freedom on its citizens; cutting class sizes would increase individual attention and therefore arguably create more freedom and liberty for pupils in the long-term. It could also be argued however, that the Liberal Democrats are no longer such a liberal party, but more of a third way political party; much like the Conservative and Labour parties who have shifted towards the centre of political ideals and values in order to also become more ‘catch-all’ and appeal to the masses. In conclusion, I would argue that broadly Liberalism is not hugely influential in British politics as a whole and does not necessarily mould the value systems and policies of all the mainstream political parties. However, I would argue that liberalism still remains influential in certain specific parts of each party’s policies and value systems; therefore remaining an influential force, to an extent, in British politics.

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